Chlorofluorocarbons

HCFCs are widely used as a refrigerant in refrigeration and системы air-conditioning and equipment, as well as a blowing agent in flexible and rigid foam sector. The first objective in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning sector should be to minimize the installation of new HCFC systems. Given that the pre-charged air conditioning systems are the largest sub-sector, minimizing their production will create certain problems in the non-production Article 5 countries. The amount of HCFCs contained in these systems, when you import will not be included in the calculation of the importing country consumption of HCFCs base 2009-2010. However, as they grow older, the demand for HCFCs for servicing will increase significantly, especially after the freeze in 2013 and during the transition period. On the other hand, countries that export pre-charged the system will begin with a high consumption of HCFCs source, but they can easily corresponds to the phase graphics, just turning them into production processes without the use of RIA technologies.

There are well established alternative substances, R-22 applications in refrigeration and air conditioning sector. An outstanding group of alternative substances with HFCs, which are synthetic refrigerants with similar characteristics, HCFCs, but not an ozone depleting potential (ODP). As HFCs, which have a high global warming potential (GWP) there is a strong interest to minimize the introduction and emission of HFCs. Other alternatives with low or near zero ODP available, but all these are connected with the problems that have to be overcome, so that they play an important role on the market. Alternatives with little or no GWPs are ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. They are often called "natural refrigerants".

Only hydrocarbons have similar specifications, HFCs, which could allow them to be used without significant changes in technology. Hydrocarbons are flammable and precautions should be taken into account in the process of design, production, installation, maintenance and decommissioning. For large systems ammonia well established in many markets, but several Article 5 countries are short of qualified specialists. Most countries need to concentrate on training for all technologies and good practice, to promote the use of best alternatives for various applications. There is no "one size fits all" solution.

All HCFC alternative technologies required by Article 5 countries to upgrade the capacity in the services sector. Despite the activities carried out during the phase-out of CFCs, most Article 5 countries have a workforce that is largely still do not work in accordance with internationally accepted good refrigeration and air conditioning paractises. Deficiencies in training, tools and application of good practice to the value of industry and consumers of large sums of money in the increase of failures and unreasonably high energy consumption. A serious attention to the historical cost often results in a poorly optimized systems and of little interest to staff training.

In industrialized countries, in most cases, introduced certification schemes and restrictions on who can make certain kinds of activity, connected with ODS and HFCs. Alternatives-all this requires special competencies used in an environmentally acceptable and safe way. Significant upgrades to its competence occurred during the last 10 years in many non-Article 5, in countries where the use of virgin HCFCs have largely been resolved or completely stopped. Due to problems in the modernization of the industry, which mainly consists of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) most Article 5 countries are just beginning this process. To remove HCFCs and improve the reliability, energy efficiency, it is important for the industry to modernize its competence in all alternative technologies, as there is no single technology to date, which can provide the ideal solution for all applications.

To justify the investment in equipment and training in alternative technologies, it is important to create an environment in which it is good business to do good practice. Providing a clear regulatory framework and information equipment owners is important to make necessary investments attractive to industry. When buying environmentally hazardous refrigerants and working in the industry with little training and tools remain the same, the changes are very slow because there is a lot of equipment owners with limited awareness and competence. In addition, high energy consumption and unnecessary short lifespan equipment factors that often many do not know...